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Course Outline

Introduction

Cluster Setup

  • Utilize network security policies to restrict cluster-level access.
  • Apply CIS benchmarks to review the security configuration of Kubernetes components (etcd, kubelet, kubedns, kubeapi).
  • Properly configure Ingress objects with robust security controls.
  • Protect node metadata and endpoints.
  • Minimize the use of and access to GUI elements.
  • Verify platform binaries before deployment.

Cluster Hardening

  • Restrict access to the Kubernetes API.
  • Implement Role-Based Access Controls (RBAC) to minimize exposure.
  • Exercise caution when using service accounts: disable defaults and minimize permissions on newly created ones.
  • Keep Kubernetes updated regularly.

System Hardening

  • Reduce the host OS footprint to minimize the attack surface.
  • Minimize IAM roles.
  • Limit external network access.
  • Appropriately utilize kernel hardening tools such as AppArmor and seccomp.

Minimizing Microservice Vulnerabilities

  • Establish appropriate OS-level security domains, e.g., using PSP, OPA, and security contexts.
  • Manage Kubernetes secrets effectively.
  • Employ container runtime sandboxes in multi-tenant environments (e.g., gvisor, Kata Containers).
  • Implement pod-to-pod encryption using mTLS.

Supply Chain Security

  • Minimize the base image footprint.
  • Secure your supply chain: whitelist allowed image registries, and sign and validate images.
  • Conduct static analysis of user workloads (e.g., Kubernetes resources, Docker files).
  • Scan images for known vulnerabilities.

Monitoring, Logging, and Runtime Security

  • Perform behavioral analytics of syscall processes and file activities at the host and container levels to detect malicious activities.
  • Identify threats within physical infrastructure, applications, networks, data, users, and workloads.
  • Detect all phases of an attack, regardless of its origin and propagation path.
  • Conduct deep analytical investigations to identify bad actors within the environment.
  • Ensure the immutability of containers at runtime.
  • Use Audit Logs to monitor access.

Summary and Conclusion

Requirements

  • CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) certification

Audience

  • Kubernetes practitioners
 21 Hours

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